Good article Michael. I have found that confidence is often behind judgment and invalidation. Low self-esteem or self-confidence often drives another to belittle those they come in contact with. Nothing like making "them" smaller, stupider, or less appealing, in order to make one feel better. Many TV writers have this character down. Sorry to say, that a number of soap operas portray these characters pretty accurately. Binging on TV soaps doesn't sound ideal, but there's something to learn there. 😉👍